The abyss (abyssopelagic zone) is the middle layer of the deep ocean. In fact, being fifteen times the size of the epipelagic zone, the bathypelagic is generally regarded as the world’s largest ecosystem. However, there are a few sea creatures who swim this far down to feed, such as sperm whales. Some go for days living in complete darkness. As mentioned earlier, the only light in this regions does not come from the sun, but from bioluminescent animals who use their ability to hunt or find a mate. The temperature rarely changes, remaining at a fairly consistent 39 degrees Fahrenheit. It extends downward from 1,000 meters to 4,000-roughly the average depth of the global ocean. The midnight zone is also known as the bathypelagic zone makes up the first third of the deep ocean in the three layers model. This is in part due to the thermocline, a transitional region where warmer water decreases rapidly.
Temperature changes here are the most extreme. The mesopelagic zone is also where experts have first noted the existence of bioluminescent creatures. Unlike the surface zone, this second layer has remained relatively untouched from commercial fishing despite the fact that it is bursting with aquatic life. The twilight zone actually plays a large role in regulating our planet the ocean absorbs roughly 25% of the carbon dioxide humans emit and pushes it down to the deep ocean, preventing it from rereleasing into the atmosphere. It is generally a very dim region, but it does receive a sliver of sunlight at the midday point which is enough for photosynthesis to occur. The twilight zone or the mesopelagic zone begins at 200 meters and extends downward to 1,000 meters, making up approximately 20% percent of the ocean’s total depth. The surface zone is where the majority of commercial fishing takes place and is home to many kinds of animals, including whales, dolphins, and sharks, many of whom frequently break the ocean’s surface. Depending on location, the temperature of the epipelagic zone can go as high as 97 degrees Fahrenheit or drop as far 28 degrees.Enough sunlight penetrates this layer for algae to utilize photosynthesis, which in turn creates roughly 50% of the oxygen in our atmosphere. An abundance of natural light also generates heat, which penetrates deeper waters due to the movement of the wind. It is also regarded as the warmest layer. At midday, it is practically fully lit by the sun, hence called the sunlight zone. Aptly named for its position at the surface level, this sunlight zone, also called the surface zone or epipelagic zone, extends downward 200 meters or roughly 5% of the ocean’s average depth.
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